Phytochemicals as Epigenetic Modulators in Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Phytochemicals, the bioactive compounds found in plants, have garnered significant attention for their potential role in cancer prevention and therapy. Emerging evidence suggests that these natural compounds can modulate epigenetic mechanisms, which play a critical role in gene expression regulation, chromatin remodeling, and cell differentiation. By influencing epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA expression, phytochemicals can potentially reverse aberrant epigenetic changes that drive cancer initiation and progression. This paper explores the diverse classes of phytochemicals, including flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids, and their mechanisms of action as epigenetic modulators in cancer cells. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for integrating phytochemicals into current cancer therapy regimens, highlighting the need for further research to understand their therapeutic potential and clinical applicability. Ultimately, the incorporation of epigenetic-modulating phytochemicals could offer a novel, non-toxic adjunct to conventional cancer treatments, with the promise of improved patient outcomes and reduced side effects.